![]() ![]() (7−10) Since the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formed at the electrode/electrolyte interface functions as a versatile functional film during battery operation, researchers have focused on designing a robust and chemically stable SEI layer, which plays a crucial role in reversible Li plating/stripping behaviors. (5,6)įor the aforementioned challenges associated with Li metal anodes, interface engineering is a critical requirement to mitigate persistent side reactions between fresh Li and electrolytes. (2−4) Despite its merits, dendritic Li growth and its high reactivity with organic electrolytes have impeded its practical applications, resulting in low Coulombic efficiencies (CE), poor cyclability, and safety concerns. ![]() (1) Over the past decade, lithium metal has emerged as one of the most promising anode materials for high-energy-density batteries due to its highest specific capacity (3860 mAh g –1) and lowest reduction potential (−3.040 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode). ![]() With the help of phase diagrams, we found that solid-solution-based alloying not only facilitates the spontaneous evolution of a LiF layer and bulk alloy but also enables reversible Li plating/stripping inward to the bulk, compared with intermetallic compounds with finite Li solubility.ĭeveloping high-energy-density rechargeable batteries is crucial for achieving next-generation vehicles and aircraft. Particularly, we propose a LiF-modified Li-Mg-C electrode, which demonstrates stable long-term cycling for over 2000 h in common organic electrolytes with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additives and over 700 h even without additives, suppressing unwanted side reactions and Li dendritic growth. In this paper, we propose a design strategy for interface engineering using a conversion-type reaction of metal fluorides to evolve a LiF passivation layer and Li-M alloy. However, its practical application has been hindered by its high reactivity with organic electrolytes and uncontrolled dendritic growth, resulting in poor Coulombic efficiency and cycle life. ![]() Over the past decade, lithium metal has been considered the most attractive anode material for high-energy-density batteries. ![]()
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